¿¡À̺귯¾ö ¸Å½½·Î¿ì(Abraham Maslow)
: (1908-1970) Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿å¸Á¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çаè ÃÖÃÊ·Î Çй®ÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÑ ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ.
¸Å½½·Î¿ì´Â Àڱ⠽ÇÇöÀÇ °³³äÀ» º¸´Ù ¸íÈ®È÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ Àڱ⠽ÇÇö¿¡ ¼º°øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ 15°¡Áö¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù.
¼º°øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î °®´Â ½É¸®Àû Ư¡À» ÅëÇØ Àڱ⠽ÇÇöÀ̶õ ¾î¶»°Ô Ãß±¸(ȤÀº ´Þ¼º)µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¸Å½½·Î¿ì´Â °ú°Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû ÁöÁÖ¿´´ø ÀηùÇÐÀÚ ·ç½º º£³×µñÆ®(Ruth Benedict)¿Í ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ ¸·½º º£¸£´ÙÀ̸Ó(Ruth Wertheimer)·ÎºÎÅÍ Àڱ⠽ÇÇö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àº ¸Å½½·Î¿ì°¡ ¹ß°ßÇÑ ¡®Àڱ⠽ÇÇö¡¯¿¡ ¼º°øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ 15°¡Áö ½É¸®Àû Ư¡µéÀÌ´Ù.
1.Çö½Ç Áß½ÉÀûÀÌ´Ù (reality-centered) °ÅÁþ, °¡Â¥, »ç±â, ÇãÀ§, ºÎÁ¤Á÷ µîÀ» Áø½Ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸º°ÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
2.¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á ´É·ÂÀÌ °ÇÏ´Ù (problem-centered) ¾î·Á¿òÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µµ¸Á°¡·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¾î·Á¿ò°ú ¿ª°æÀ» ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°áÀ» À§ÇÑ ±âȸ·Î »ï´Â´Ù.
3.¼ö´Ü°ú ¸ñÀûÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù (discrimination between ends and means) ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö´ÜÀ» Á¤´çÈÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¼ö´ÜÀÌ ¸ñÀû ÀÚü°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, °úÁ¤ÀÌ °á°úº¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀÚ¼¼¸¦ °®´Â´Ù.
4.»ç»ýÈ°À» Áñ±ä´Ù (detachment: need for privacy) ³²µé°ú ÇÔ²² ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£º¸´Ù´Â È¥ÀÚ ÀÖ´Â ½Ã°£¿¡ Á¾Á¾ ´õ Æí¾ÈÇÔÀ» ´À³¤´Ù.
5.ȯ°æ°ú ¹®È¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù (autonomy: independent of culture and environment) ÁÖÀ§ ȯ°æ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½±°Ô ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °æÇè°ú ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ ´õ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù.
6.»çȸÀûÀÎ ¾Ð·Â¿¡ ±¼ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù (resistance to enculturation) Ç×»ó »çȸ¿¡ ¼øÀÀÇÏ¸ç »ìÁø ¾Ê´Â´Ù. °ÑÀ¸·Î´Â Æò¹üÇØ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸, ¼ÓÀ¸·Î´Â ¹Ý»çȸÀûÀ̰ųª ºÎÀûÀÀÀÚÀÇ ½É¸®¸¦ °®°í Àֱ⵵ ÇÏ´Ù.
7.¹ÎÁÖÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡¸¦ Á¸ÁßÇÑ´Ù (democratic behavior) ÀÎÁ¾, ¹®È, °³ÀÎÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼º¿¡ ¿¸° ÀÚ¼¼¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
8.Àΰ£ÀûÀÌ´Ù (Gemeinschaftsgefuhl: social interest) »çȸÀû °ü½É, µ¿Á¤½É, Àΰ£¹Ì¸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù.
9.Àΰ£ °ü°è¸¦ ±íÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù (intimate personal relations) ¼ö¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé°ú ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î±â º¸´Ù´Â °¡Á·À̳ª ¼Ò¼öÀÇ Ä£±¸µé°ú ±íÀº °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù.
10.°ø°ÝÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº À¯¸Ó¸¦ Áñ±ä´Ù (sense of humor) ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á¶·ÕÇÏ´Â µíÇÑ À¯¸Ó¸¦ Áñ°Ü »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ³²À» ºñ¿ô°Å³ª ¸ð¿åÇÏ´Â À¯¸Ó´Â »ï°¡ ÇÑ´Ù.
11.ÀڽŰú ³²À» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδ٠(acceptance of self and others) ³²µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ½Ã¼±À̳ª ŵµ¿¡ ¿¬¿¬ÇØ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ¹Ù¶óº»´Ù. ³²¿¡°Ôµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö. ³²À» °¡¸£Ä¡°Å³ª ¹Ù²Ù·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, Àڽſ¡°Ô ÇØ°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ, ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ³»¹ö·Á µÐ´Ù.
12.ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿ò°ú °£°áÇÔÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù (spontaneity and simplicity) ÀΰøÀûÀ¸·Î ²Ù¹Ì´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î, ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù.
13.dzºÎÇÑ °¨¼º (freshness of appreciation) ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ »ç¹°À», Æò¹üÇÑ °ÍÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ³î¶ó¿òÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
14.âÀÇÀûÀÌ´Ù (creativeness) âÀÇÀûÀÌ°í µ¶Ã¢ÀûÀÌ¸ç ¹ß¸í°¡Àû ±âÁúÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
15.ÃÊ¿ùÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» °æÇèÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù (peak experience, mystic experience) (Çй®, Á¾±³, öÇÐ, ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ µî) °æÇèÀÇ Á¤Á¡¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸£±â¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. °æÇèÀÇ ¼ø°£ÀÌ ÃÖ°íÁ¶¿¡ ´ÞÇßÀ» ¶§ ÃÊ¿ùÀûÀÎ ±â»Ý°ú ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ´À³¤´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ °æÇèÀÌ ¸Ó¸® ¼Ó¿¡ ³²¾Æ °è¼Ó ±× °æÇèÀ» ½×À¸·Á ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù.